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According to the Vaishanava doctrines, men cannot perform any dance with women and if the act needed any female character then a men from the respective group can dress up as female dancer. A boy who dresses up as a girl called as Goti Pua and this is an ancient Indian dance from which was performed by the students of the akhadas.Īkadas means gymnasia and you find many akadas in Puri of Odisha where many people (boys only) practice some bodybuilding and wrestling. Goti means ‘one’ and Pua means ‘boy’ and Goti Pua is a dance form which is performed by a male dancer in a form of female avatar. Don’t have time to read the whole post right now?ĭon’t have time to read the whole post right now?.Current interest in the Nigerian fashion industry may reawaken the giant potential of the visual language: The fantastic forms, colours, and styles of African beading, rock!. Today African women make the transition from beading traditionally, to working in a modern fashion idiom. The creativity of form, use of materials and colour combination is endless. Or woven into long lacy panels called snakes by the Ndebele, or beads were reinvented as clothing sewn onto a backing of cloth, leather, and raffia. Passionate about their vibrant colour and small scale, Africans used them to fashioned filigree or sculptural forms: Strings were turned into amazing corsets worn by the Dinka. Beads were exchanged as tokens of love and affection by both sexes, served as part of a dowry, and were used as markers within the family to celebrate milestones such as initiation, puberty ceremonies and village rituals. Beads could be worn singly, combined into any design, worn on any part of the body for embellishment, or massed into heavy accumulations for dramatic effect. The jewel like colours, shiny surfaces, translucent effects of beads were aesthetically pleasing and complimented tattooing and body paint. Examples of the finest work were from the island of Murano in Venice, which dominated the market between the 16th and 18th century.īody adornments of metal, glass and plastic beautified the body and attracted sexual attention. At the same time, as the demand increased, glass bead making in Europe evolved into a competitive and secretive industry. The system of availability, control and resale of this commodity developed into sophisticated economic and political strategies under the hegemony of powerful African chiefs. Different varieties, sizes, colours and quantities of beads were marketed for a particular resource or as a speciality item to different tribes.
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Portable, durable and beautiful, glass beads were bartered by the Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs, Dravidians and Portuguese for gold, precious metals and stones, ivory, timber, spices and slaves. In Africa, beads are the oldest imported artifacts. Used for bride price in the Congo they could be recycled and forged into agricultural tools as necessity dictated. From the distribution of this concept, we sense the silent trade routes traversing the continent. Metal anklets were also traded as currency across Africa. Besides ornamentation, these items served a variety of abstract purposes: They could be ceremonial serving as props for the royal court in Ghana, cast into talismans for the nomadic Tuareg in Mali, function as weapons in Kenya, or made into items of religious significance, by the Copts of Ethiopia. The visual language of these items designated the wearer as belonging to a tribe, identified them as being a particular age, status, rank and profession. The prototypes of this jewellery were finely crafted by means of the lost wax process usually made by highly skilled castes of blacksmiths i.e the Fra-fra people of Ghana or the Bella of the Sahel region.
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Metal beads and anklets with a similar significance, were an indigenous tradition, and were fashioned from gold, silver, copper and iron or alloys such as brass and bronze. They are a means to communicate with the spirits, or to draw them to the locus of the body, and are still worn by diviners and medicine men in current times. For healing to strengthen parts of the body, for fertility, prowess and stamina, and as an antidote to illness. These natural materials were perceived and worn as a form of: Magic – for personal protection against man, beast and the elements.
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A brief explanation about African adornments, their historical context, materials, trade and social usage.īody adornments made from teeth, claws, shells, bone, stone, ivory, amber, and wood were used by our earliest ancestors.